Structural, thermal, flow — and the pairs between them.

01

Structural

Stress, contact, fatigue

The load path, told without drama. We model the contacts, the fasteners, and the nonlinearity that moves a hotspot — then we say whether that hotspot is the one a test will actually find.

Where does it yield, frett, or crack, and is that the place you are inspecting?

• Nonlinear contact, press fits, and large displacement
• Fatigue and fracture hotspots, with the mesh check beside them
• Assemblies: housings, brackets, fasteners, composites, castings
• Assembly sequence when the residual shape is the decision

We do not mesh a logo. If a fillet does not change the number, it stays coarse.

02

Thermal

Conduction, capacity, radiation

Temperature is rarely the curiosity. It is the load, the resistance, or the life. We close an energy balance before we color a plot, and we refuse a heat-transfer coefficient that nobody measured.

What temperature, held for how long, changes the design?

• Steady and transient conduction, including contact resistance
• Radiation where it actually competes with convection
• Duty cycles, soak, and the time constant of the part
• Boundary conditions traced back to a flow or a loss map

A painted temperature field with an open energy balance is not a result. We will not ship one.

03

Flow

Internal, external, forced

Pressure drop, split, separation, and the force on the wall. Most of our flow work is internal: manifolds, cold plates, valves, cooled passages. We say where the mesh has to live, which is almost never the freestream.

Which passage is starved, and what does that cost you downstream?

• Incompressible and mildly compressible internal flow
• Maldistribution, separation, and loss
• Forces and moments for a structural colleague to inherit
• Fan and pump maps used as boundaries, not as decoration

We will tell you when the problem is not CFD. Sometimes it is a bad header and a ruler.

04

Coupled

Where one field changes the next

The work we are usually hired for. A structural run will not notice that the disk is too hot to be that stiff. A prescribed wall temperature will not notice that the flow just separated. We couple only the physics that can move the decision.

Which interface, if you freeze it, would embarrass the answer?

• Thermal–mechanical: expansion, residual stress, creep, welds
• Electro–thermal: current crowding, Joule heat, temperature-dependent resistance
• Flow–thermal: conjugate heat transfer, where the wall temperature is a result
• Fluid–structure: one-way mapping, or two-way when the wall answers back

Four fields on day one is how programs slip. We stage the coupling and write down what was left one-way.